Tune and Tune Plane
We define the “tune” Q (or n) as the number of complete betatron oscillations around the
ring.
For example, the horizontal tune of the Booster is about:
6.7
Beam Stability
Magnet Count/Aperture optimization
In general…
“small” integers
Many deviations from the ideal lattice are
characterized in terms of their resulting
“tune-shift”.  In general, the beam will
become unstable if it shifts onto a
resonance.