•Early losses are extremely non-linear
 with number of turns of injection.
•Space charge effects are typically
 blamed, but the details are not well understood.
 •A
 study group is working on this. 
 •Too
 late for BooNE, by maybe NuMI?
 •Increasing the ppp
 would allow you to almost double your total
 protons before hitting the BooNE rad limits!!